What is an adjective?

An adjective is a word that tells us more about a noun. (By "noun" we include pronouns and noun phrases.)

An adjective "qualifies" or "modifies" a noun (a big lion).

Adjectives can be used before a noun (I like Sri Lankan food) or after certain verbs (It is hard).

We can often use two or more adjectives together (a beautiful young Indian lady).

Verb

Verb

The Active Voice represents the subject as acting upon an object.

Example : -- The cat caught the mouse

In this sentence the subject " cat " does something to the object " mouse, " so the verb " caught ' is in the active voice.

The Passive voice represents the subject as being acted upon.

Example : -- The mouse was caught by the cat.

Here the subject " mouse " was the thing acted upon, so the verb " was caught ' is in the passive voice.

Tense of Verbs

Tense of Verbs

1. Tense denotes the time of an action or its completeness.

2. There are three tenses : --

 a.  the Present Tense
 b.  the Past Tense
 c.  the Future Tense

The Present Tense denotes  present time.
I walk You walk. He walks. The Past Tense denotes past time. I walked. You walked. He walked. The Future Tense denotes future time. I shall walk. You will walk. He will walk.	We walk. You walk. They walk. We walked. You walked. They walked. We shall walk. You will walk. They will walk.

Tense of Verbs

Tense of Verbs

1. Tense denotes the time of an action or its completeness.
2. There are three tenses : --

 a.  the Present Tense
 b.  the Past Tense
 c.  the Future Tense

The Present Tense denotes  present time.
I walk You walk. He walks. The Past Tense denotes past time. I walked. You walked. He walked. The Future Tense denotes future time. I shall walk. You will walk. He will walk.	We walk. You walk. They walk. We walked. You walked. They walked. We shall walk. You will walk. They will walk.

Verb

An Auxiliary Verb is used to help an other verb.

( a ) I shall go.
( b ) We have come.

Note : A verb that is helped by an auxiliary verb is called a Principal verb

In a " shall " is an auxilizry verb used to help the verb " go " to form a future time. 

In b. " have " is an auxiliary verb used to help the verb " come " to express a time partly past and partly present.

Verb

An Intransitive Verb does not require an object to complete its meaning.

What is an itransitive verb?

An Intransitive Verb is an action verb that does not require an object to complete its meaning. It cannot take a direct object.

Examples : --

( a ) He sleeps
( b ) We go.

No object can come after such verbs as " sleep ", " go " etc

Some Intransitive Verbs 

These verbs do not occur with objects, so they cannot be used in the passive voice.

agree............................................................................................................ appear............................................................................................................ arrived............................................................................................................ awake............................................................................................................ become............................................................................................................ belong............................................................................................................ collapse............................................................................................................ collide............................................................................................................ consist of.......................................................................................................... cost............................................................................................................ depend............................................................................................................ die............................................................................................................ disappear............................................................................................................ emerge............................................................................................................ exist............................................................................................................ fall............................................................................................................ go............................................................................................................ happen............................................................................................................ have............................................................................................................ laugh............................................................................................................ lie............................................................................................................ live............................................................................................................ look............................................................................................................ last ............................................................................................................ occur............................................................................................................ remain............................................................................................................ resemble............................................................................................................ rise............................................................................................................ sit............................................................................................................ sleep............................................................................................................ stand............................................................................................................ stay............................................................................................................ swim............................................................................................................ vanish............................................................................................................ wait............................................................................................................

Transitive verb

Verb

What is a transitive verb?

A Transitive  Verb requires an object to complete its meaning. The vast majority of verbs are transitive.

Examples : --

a. The hunter killed a bear.
b. The scholar learned his lesson.

In ( a ) " bear " is the object of " killed ".
In ( b ) " lesson " is the object of " learned ".

List of Common Transitive Verbs

bring Please bring me a glass of water. cost My coat cost a lot of money. give Our family gives gifts at Christmas. lend Could you please lend me five dollars? offer My boss offered me a great new job. pass All the students passed the test. play Jennifer loves playing the piano. read They read the newspaper every day. send My girlfriend sends me an e-mail message every day. sing Muriel sings songs at karaoke every Sunday night. teach Our parents teach us to be kind. write Tommy writes short stories about the South.

buy	Do not buy hamburgers at that restaurant.
get	My children get good grades in school.
leave	I leave home at 8:00 in the morning.
make	Did you make coffee this morning?
owe	I owe you ten dollars.
pay	Don't forget to pay the phone bill.
promise	She promised me she would come to the party.
refuse	The customs officers refused to let me enter the country.
show	My neighbour showed me her garden yesterday.
take	Travellers take planes or trains to their destinations.
tell	The author tells a good story.

Intransitive verb

Transitive Verb has two voice : --

a  The Active voice

b. The Passive voice