Sunday, April 17, 2011

What is a verb?

  1. A Verb says something about a person or thing.
  2. Verbs can be illustrated in the following manner:-
                                         Verbs
Lexical Verb                                                   Auxiliary Verb
 Regular Verbs            Irregular verb                     Primary                 Modal
  • Intransitive         more >>
  • Transitive           more >>
  • Ditransitive        more >>
  • Intensive
What is a lexical verb?


A lexical verb is a member of the open class of verbs which form the primary verb vocabulary of a language.

We drink milk                drink is an LV as it is a full verb in this sentence
We are drinking milk      are is an AV as it functions as a helping verb in this sentence
They are police               In this sentence are is not an AV. It is a full verb, an example of an LV
Mark as AV or LV
  • We are Sri Lankans
  • We are reading books
  • They have called me three times
  • He has something in his pocket
  • It is eating a banana
Regular verbs and Irregular verbs


English regular verbs change their form very little (unlike irregular verbs). The past tense and past participle of regular verbs end in -ed, for example:
   
    cook, cooked, cooked
    walk, walked, walked


Note the following points:

1. Some verbs can be both regular and irregular, for example:
learn, learned, learned
learn, learnt, learnt
2. Some verbs change their meaning depending on whether they are regular or irregular, for example "to hang":
regularhang, hanged, hangedto kill or die, by dropping with a rope around the neck
irregularhang, hung, hungto fix something (for example, a picture) at the top so that the lower part is free
3. The present tense of some regular verbs is the same as the past tense of some irregular verbs:
regularfound, founded, founded
irregularfind, foundfound

 The lexical verb regular or irregular has five forms. They have been illustrated below with two verbs.

          Five forms                                Regular                               Irregular
  1. Base form                                work                                   eat
  2. -s form                                     works                                 eats
  3. -ing form                                  working                              eating
  4. -past tense                               worked                               ate
  5. -past participle                         worked                               eaten

What is an itransitive verb?

An Intransitive Verb is an action verb that does not require an object to complete its meaning. It cannot take a direct object.
Examples : --
( a ) He sleeps
( b ) We go.
No object can come after such verbs as " sleep ", " go " etc
Some Intransitive Verbs 
These verbs do not occur with objects, so they cannot be used in the passive voice.
agree............................................................................................................
appear............................................................................................................
arrived............................................................................................................
awake............................................................................................................
become............................................................................................................
belong............................................................................................................
collapse............................................................................................................
collide............................................................................................................
consist of..........................................................................................................
cost............................................................................................................
depend............................................................................................................
die............................................................................................................
disappear............................................................................................................
emerge............................................................................................................
exist............................................................................................................
fall............................................................................................................
go............................................................................................................
happen............................................................................................................
have............................................................................................................
laugh............................................................................................................
lie............................................................................................................
live............................................................................................................
look............................................................................................................
last ............................................................................................................
occur............................................................................................................
remain............................................................................................................
resemble............................................................................................................
rise............................................................................................................
sit............................................................................................................
sleep............................................................................................................
stand............................................................................................................
stay............................................................................................................
swim............................................................................................................
vanish............................................................................................................
wait............................................................................................................

What is a transitive verb?

Transitive  Verb requires an object to complete its meaning. The vast majority of verbs are transitive.
Examples : --
a. The hunter killed a bear.
b. The scholar learned his lesson.
In ( a ) " bear " is the object of " killed ".
In ( b ) " lesson " is the object of " learned ".

List of Common Transitive Verbs

bring
Please bring me a glass of water.
cost
My coat cost a lot of money.
give
Our family gives gifts at Christmas.
lend
Could you please lend me five dollars?
offer
My boss offered me a great new job.
pass
All the students passed the test.
play
Jennifer loves playing the piano.
read
They read the newspaper every day.
send
My girlfriend sends me an e-mail message every day.
sing
Muriel sings songs at karaoke every Sunday night.
teach
Our parents teach us to be kind.
write
Tommy writes short stories about the South.





buy
Do not buy hamburgers at that restaurant.
get
My children get good grades in school.
leave
I leave home at 8:00 in the morning.
make
Did you make coffee this morning?
owe
I owe you ten dollars.
pay
Don't forget to pay the phone bill.
She promised me she would come to the party.
refuse
The customs officers refused to let me enter the country.
show
My neighbour showed me her garden yesterday.
take
Travellers take planes or trains to their destinations.
tell
The author tells a good story.


Transitive Verb has two voice : --
Note : - An Intransitive verb from its nature cannot have voices.

What is a ditransitive verb?

Definition:

Ditransitive Verb is one that takes both direct object and an indirect object.

Ex: 
My father  gave me a shirt.. 
The shirt is the direct object, what he gave, and me is the indirect object, the person he gave it to. This sentence can also be written  'My father gave a shirt to me.'


Some more examples.




He gave Abdul hundred rupees.

He passed Abdul the ball.

I brought him a pen.

He told me a story

Some Ditransitive Verbs in English

All of the verbs below can be used in a ditransitive way, though they can all be used with just one object, and sometimes none.

accord.....................................................................................................................
afford.....................................................................................................................
allocate.....................................................................................................................
allow.....................................................................................................................
appoint.....................................................................................................................
ask.....................................................................................................................
assign.....................................................................................................................
assure.....................................................................................................................
award.....................................................................................................................
bake.....................................................................................................................
bet.....................................................................................................................
bring.....................................................................................................................
build.....................................................................................................................
buy.....................................................................................................................
call.....................................................................................................................
catch.....................................................................................................................
cause.....................................................................................................................
charge.....................................................................................................................
cook.....................................................................................................................
cost.....................................................................................................................
cut.....................................................................................................................
deal.....................................................................................................................
deliver.....................................................................................................................
deny.....................................................................................................................
design.....................................................................................................................
do.....................................................................................................................
draw.....................................................................................................................
drop.....................................................................................................................
earn.....................................................................................................................
feed.....................................................................................................................
find.....................................................................................................................
fine.....................................................................................................................
forgive.....................................................................................................................
get.....................................................................................................................
give.....................................................................................................................
grant.....................................................................................................................
guarantee.............................................................................................................
hand.....................................................................................................................
hunt.....................................................................................................................
keep.....................................................................................................................
leave.....................................................................................................................
lend.....................................................................................................................
lose.....................................................................................................................
make.....................................................................................................................
name.....................................................................................................................
offer.....................................................................................................................
order.....................................................................................................................
overpay.................................................................................................................
owe.....................................................................................................................
pass.....................................................................................................................
pay.....................................................................................................................
permit...................................................................................................................
play.....................................................................................................................
prescribe..............................................................................................................
profit.....................................................................................................................
promise.................................................................................................................
purchase................................................................................................................
quote.....................................................................................................................
read.....................................................................................................................
refuse.....................................................................................................................
render.....................................................................................................................
save.....................................................................................................................
sell.....................................................................................................................
send.....................................................................................................................
serve...................................................................................................................
set.....................................................................................................................
show.....................................................................................................................
spare.....................................................................................................................
supply...................................................................................................................
take.....................................................................................................................
teach.....................................................................................................................
tell.....................................................................................................................
throw..................................................................................................................
win.....................................................................................................................
wish.....................................................................................................................
write.....................................................................................................................



  • Make sentences as much as possible using the above ditransitive verbs.
What is an intensive verb?



a. Transitive Verbs          more >>

b. Intransitive Verbs        more >>

c. Auxiliary Verbs           more >>


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